@article{ref1,
title="Hostility is related to clusters of T-cell cytokines and chemokines in healthy men",
journal="Psychoneuroendocrinology",
year="2008",
author="Mommersteeg, Paula M. C. and Vermetten, Eric and Kavelaars, Annemieke and Geuze, Elbert and Heijnen, C. J.",
volume="33",
number="8",
pages="1041-1050",
abstract="Hostility is a risk factor for adverse health outcomes as diverse as cardiovascular disease and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Cytokines have been suggested to mediate this relationship. We investigated whether in healthy men a relation existed between hostility and T-cell mitogen-induced cytokines and chemokines. Male Dutch military personnel (n=304) were included before deployment. Eleven cytokines and chemokines were measured in supernatants of T-cell mitogen-stimulated whole blood cultures by multiplex immunoassay. Factor analysis was used to identify clusters of cytokines and chemokines. In a regression analysis hostility was related to the cytokine/chemokine clusters, and the potential risk factors age, BMI, smoking, drinking, previous deployment, early life trauma and depression. Explorative factor analysis showed four functional clusters; a pro-inflammatory factor (IL-2, TNFalpha, IFNgamma), an anti-inflammatory factor (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10), IL-6/chemokine factor (IL-6, MCP-1, RANTES, IP-10), and MIF. Hostility was significantly related to decreased IL-6/chemokine secretion and increased pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. There was an inverse relation between age and hostility scores. Early life trauma and depression were positively and independently related to hostility as well. This study represents a novel way of investigating the relation between cytokines and psychological characteristics. Cytokines/chemokines clustered into functional factors, which were related to hostility in healthy males. Moreover this relation appeared to be independent of reported depression and early trauma.  <p></p>  <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0306-4530",
doi="10.1016/j.psyneuen.2008.05.007",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2008.05.007"
}