@article{ref1,
title="A standard procedure enhances the correlation between subjective and objective measures of sleepiness",
journal="Sleep",
year="2004",
author="Yang, Chien-Ming and Lin, Fung-Wan and Spielman, Arthur J.",
volume="27",
number="2",
pages="329-332",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to assess whether instituting a standard procedure to minimize transient activation prior to the subjective rating of sleepiness can improve the predictive value of the rating process. METHODS: Thirty young adults, aged 19 to 26 years, participated in the study. Subsequent to sleeping at home with bedtime restricted to 5 hours, they came to the sleep laboratory. They were instructed to rate their level of sleepiness on the Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS) and visual analog scales (VAS). A &quot;calm-down&quot; procedure, sitting quietly with eyes closed for 1 minute, was instituted prior to sleepiness ratings for half of the subjects (experimental group) but not for the other half of the subjects (control group). A nap trial with polysomnographic recording was then conducted, followed by a vigilance test. RESULTS: For the experimental group, VAS results of &quot;sleepiness&quot; and &quot;alertness&quot; both correlated significantly with sleep-onset latency during the nap (SOL: r = -.62 and .64, respectively, P values &lt; .05) and with reaction time (RT) on the vigilance test (r = .56 and -.54, P values &lt; .05). The SSS ratings showed significant correlation with nap SOL (r = -.58, P &lt; .05) but not with RT on the vigilance test (r = .19, p = .52). For the control group, none of the subjective ratings showed significant correlation with objective measures. The differences between the resultant correlations for the 2 groups were statistically significant for 2 sets of correlations: the correlation between VAS of &quot;alertness&quot; and nap SOL and the correlation between VAS of &quot;sleepiness&quot; and RT on the vigilance test. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the subjective ratings of the sleepiness state for individuals with mild sleep restriction more faithfully reflect a physiologic tendency to fall asleep as well as cognitive attentiveness when the ratings are conducted subsequent to sitting still with eyes closed for a sufficient time to minimize transient activation.   <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0161-8105",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}