@article{ref1,
title="IQ in early adulthood and later risk of death by homicide: cohort study of 1 million men",
journal="British journal of psychiatry",
year="2008",
author="Batty, G. David and Deary, Ian J. and Tengstrom, A. and Rasmussen, Finn",
volume="193",
number="6",
pages="461-465",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Risk factors for homicide are emerging; however, the predictive value of IQ, for which there is a strong prima facie case, has yet to be examined. AIMS: To examine the association between IQ and risk of death by homicide. METHOD: A cohort of 968 846 men, aged 18-19 years, were administered an IQ test battery at military conscription and then followed for mortality experience over two decades. RESULTS: There were 191 deaths due to homicide during follow-up. In age-adjusted analyses, a high total IQ test score was associated with a reduced rate of homicide (hazard ratio (HR) per standard deviation increase in IQ score=0.49, 95% CI 0.42-0.57). A step-wise gradient was apparent across the three IQ groups (P-value for trend <0.001). After adjustment for indicators of socio-economic position and illness at conscription, this gradient was marginally attenuated (HR=0.57, 95% CI 0.49-0.67). CONCLUSIONS: High IQ test scores in early adulthood were associated with a reduced risk of death by homicide.   <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0007-1250",
doi="10.1192/bjp.bp.107.037424",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.107.037424"
}