@article{ref1,
title="False negative result for amphetamines on the Triage(R) Drug of Abuse panel? : The cause of the unusual phenomenon with experimental analyses",
journal="International journal of legal medicine",
year="2009",
author="Hikiji, Wakako and Kudo, K. and Sato, Seiji and Usumoto, Yosuke and Tsuji, Akiko and Ikeda, Noriaki",
volume="123",
number="3",
pages="247-252",
abstract="On-site drug screening devices are widely used today for their simple test procedures and instantaneous results. Among other devices, a Triage(R) Drug of Abuse panel is considered to be highly reliable for its high specificity and sensitivity of abused drugs. Although it is known that a false positive amphetamine (AMP) result may be obtained from the urine samples containing putrefactive amines or ephedrine-related compounds, no clinical false negative methamphetamine results have been reported to date. However, a false negative Triage(R) result was obtained from the urine of a fatal methamphetamine poisoning victim taking Vegetamine(R) tablets. Further experimental analyses revealed that the cross-reactivity of methamphetamine and chlorpromazine metabolites, including nor-2-chlorpromazine sulfoxide, was the cause for a false negative Triage(R) reaction for AMP. Forensic scientists and clinicians must be aware of the limitations of on-site drug testing devices and the need for the confirmatory laboratory tests for the precise identification and quantification of drugs in suspicious intoxication cases, as also recommended by the manufacturers.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0937-9827",
doi="10.1007/s00414-008-0304-9",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00414-008-0304-9"
}