@article{ref1,
title="Effects of early nightmares on the development of sleep disturbances in motor vehicle accident victims",
journal="Journal of Traumatic Stress",
year="2008",
author="Kobayashi, Ihori and Sledjeski, Eve M. and Spoonster, Eileen and Fallon, W. F. and Delahanty, Douglas L.",
volume="21",
number="6",
pages="548-555",
abstract="The present study prospectively examined the extent to which trauma-related nightmares affected the subsequent development of insomnia symptoms in 314 motor vehicle accident (MVA) victims. Participants were assessed in-hospital and at 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months, and 1 year post-MVA. Hierarchical linear regression analyses showed that 6-week PTSD symptoms (PTSS) and 3-month nightmares, but not 2-week nightmares were positively associated with sleep onset and maintenance problems reported at 3-month post-MVA. Nightmares reported at 3-months post-MVA were positively associated with 1-year sleep maintenance problems. These findings highlight the dynamic relationship between PTSS and sleep problems as well as the potential importance of early intervention for trauma-related nightmares as a means to prevent sleep problems after a traumatic experience.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0894-9867",
doi="10.1002/jts.20368",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jts.20368"
}