@article{ref1,
title="Alcohol use among injured sets of drivers and passengers: five years later and the wrong occupant is still driving",
journal="Proceedings: Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine Annual Conference",
year="1993",
author="Kerns, Timothy J. and Dischinger, Patricia C. and Soderstrom, Carl A.",
volume="37",
number="",
pages="271-278",
abstract="Crash report and blood alcohol concentration (BAC) data were linked for 109 injured driver/passenger pairs admitted to a Level I trauma center. Among those occupants, 47 drivers (43%) (mean BAC, 147 mg/dl) and 45 passengers (41 %) (mean BAC, 127 mg/dl) were BAC+. No occupant was BAC+ in 57 crashes (52%); both were BAC+ in 40 (37%); and only one was BAC + in 12 (11 %). When both occupants were BAC +, the driver had the higher BAC in 68 % of cases, and when one was BAC +, it was the driver 58 % of the time. In 6 additional alcohol-related crashes with one driver and two passengers, the &quot;wrong&quot; occupant was driving on 5 occasions. Hence, in the 58 crashes involving BAC+ occupants, the least appropriate occupant was driving 67% of the time.<p />",
language="",
issn="1540-0344",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}