@article{ref1,
title="The effect of in-vehicle navigation information systems upon driver attention",
journal="Proceedings: Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine Annual Conference",
year="1992",
author="McKnight, A. James and McKnight, A. Scott",
volume="",
number="",
pages="369-383",
abstract="This study employed video-based simulation to examine the effect of in-vehicle navigation information systems upon driver attention. Guidance in the form of a direction-indicating arrow, accompanied by an audible signal, required less time looking at displays, and led to better anticipation of direction changes than did an area map, strip map, or position-indicating display. The benefits of guidance disappeared when the position information was added. No significant differences were found in response to highway traffic conditions, an outcome attributed to the small time required in gaining navigational information.<p />",
language="",
issn="1540-0344",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}