@article{ref1,
title="Differences in frontal lobe function between violent and nonviolent conduct disorder in male adolescents",
journal="Psychiatry and the Clinical Neurosciences",
year="2009",
author="Miura, Hitoshi",
volume="63",
number="2",
pages="161-166",
abstract="Aims: The objective of the present study was to investigate the differences in frontal lobe function between violent and nonviolent male adolescents with conduct disorder. Methods: A total of 309 male adolescents who had been admitted to the Nagoya Juvenile Classification Home participated. The participants were divided into two groups, a violent group composed of individuals who had committed violence against others, and a nonviolent group. The subjects were given the Wisconsin card sorting test (Keio version: KWCST) and the Iowa Gambling task. The presence of violent cases was analyzed in terms of age, family history (crime, drug abuse/dependence, alcohol-related disorder, and psychiatric treatment), experience of being abused by their parents or by the persons who were responsible for raising them, as well as categories achieved (CA) of KWCST (</=4, >4) and total selection of disadvantage cards of Iowa Gambling task (>/=50, <50). Results: Multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that a family history of drug abuse/dependence (odds ratio = 0.3, 95% confidence interval = 0.1-0.9) and a CA of the KWCST (odds ratio = 1.8, 95% confidence interval = 1.0-3.1) were significantly associated with violence. Conclusions: An impaired rate of CA of the KWCST was related to violence, whereas a family history of drug abuse/dependence was related to nonviolence in male adolescents with conduct disorder.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1323-1316",
doi="10.1111/j.1440-1819.2009.01935.x",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1819.2009.01935.x"
}