@article{ref1,
title="Twenty-three fatal crashes with seat belts",
journal="Proceedings: American Association for Automotive Medicine Annual Conference",
year="1963",
author="Campbell, H. E.",
volume="7",
number="",
pages="526-532",
abstract="Twenty-three fatal crashes with seat belts occurring in Colorado during 1962 and the first eight months of 1963 are studied in detail and the following conclusions are reached: 1) The design and construction of current automobiles are inherently dangerous and will cause deaths and serious injuries in spite of seat belts or even more adequate personnel restraints; 2) The seat belt is not enough, upper torso control is required, and the carmakers must be led to provide built-in attachment points for these additional straps; 3) Cars must be built so that the steering shaft is not driven backward into the driver, when the front end is deformed in a crash; 4) Car doors must have stronger latches, the &quot;improved&quot; ones are not good enough; 5) Frames and bodies must be stronger to prevent penetration by the striking car in side impacts; and 6) Bumpers must be reasonably designed to become a protective device for cars and their occupants. Current bumpers are a scandal and a disgrace.<p />",
language="",
issn="0892-6484",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}