@article{ref1,
title="Outcome measures in spinal cord injury: recent assessments and recommendations for future directions",
journal="Spinal Cord",
year="2009",
author="Alexander, Melannie S. and Anderson, K. D. and Biering-Sorensen, F. and Blight, A. R. and Brannon, R. and Bryce, T. N. and Creasey, G. and Catz, Amiram and Curt, A. and Donovan, W. and Ditunno, J. and Ellaway, P. and Finnerup, N. B. and Graves, D. E. and Haynes, B. A. and Heinemann, Allen W. and Jackson, A. B. and Johnston, M. V. and Kalpakjian, C. Z. and Kleitman, N. and Krassioukov, A. and Krogh, Klaus and Lammertse, D. and Magasi, S. and Mulcahey, M. J. and Schurch, Brigitte and Sherwood, A. and Steeves, J. D. and Stiens, S. and Tulsky, D. S. and van Hedel, H. J. A. and Whiteneck, Gale Gibson",
volume="47",
number="8",
pages="582-591",
abstract="Study design:Review by the spinal cord outcomes partnership endeavor (SCOPE), which is a broad-based international consortium of scientists and clinical researchers representing academic institutions, industry, government agencies, not-for-profit organizations and foundations.Objectives:Assessment of current and evolving tools for evaluating human spinal cord injury (SCI) outcomes for both clinical diagnosis and clinical research studies.Methods:a framework for the appraisal of evidence of metric properties was used to examine outcome tools or tests for accuracy, sensitivity, reliability and validity for human SCI.Results:Imaging, neurological, functional, autonomic, sexual health, bladder/bowel, pain and psychosocial tools were evaluated. Several specific tools for human SCI studies have or are being developed to allow the more accurate determination for a clinically meaningful benefit (improvement in functional outcome or quality of life) being achieved as a result of a therapeutic intervention.Conclusion:Significant progress has been made, but further validation studies are required to identify the most appropriate tools for specific targets in a human SCI study or clinical trial.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1362-4393",
doi="10.1038/sc.2009.18",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sc.2009.18"
}