@article{ref1,
title="Affective and deliberative processes in risky choice: Age differences in risk taking in the Columbia Card Task",
journal="Journal of experimental psychology: learning, memory, and cognition",
year="2009",
author="Figner, Bernd and Mackinlay, Rachael J. and Wilkening, Friedrich and Weber, E. U.",
volume="35",
number="3",
pages="709-730",
abstract="The authors investigated risk taking and underlying information use in 13- to 16- and 17- to 19-year-old adolescents and in adults in 4 experiments, using a novel dynamic risk-taking task, the Columbia Card Task (CCT). The authors investigated risk taking under differential involvement of affective versus deliberative processes with 2 versions of the CCT, constituting the most direct test of a dual-system explanation of adolescent risk taking in the literature so far. The &quot;hot&quot; CCT was designed to trigger more affective decision making, whereas the &quot;cold&quot; CCT was designed to trigger more deliberative decision making. Differential involvement of affective versus deliberative processes in the 2 CCT versions was established by self-reports and assessment of electrodermal activity. Increased adolescent risk taking, coupled with simplified information use, was found in the hot but not the cold condition. Need-for-arousal predicted risk taking only in the hot condition, whereas executive functions predicted information use in the cold condition. Results are consistent with recent dual-system explanations of risk taking as the result of competition between affective processes and deliberative cognitive-control processes, with adolescents' affective system tending to override the deliberative system in states of heightened emotional arousal. <p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0278-7393",
doi="10.1037/a0014983",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0014983"
}