@article{ref1,
title="Risk-taking and the feedback negativity response to loss among at-risk adolescents",
journal="Developmental neuroscience",
year="2009",
author="Crowley, Michael J. and Wu, Jianrong and Crutcher, Clifford and Bailey, Christopher A. and Lejuez, C. W. and Mayes, Linda C.",
volume="31",
number="1-2",
pages="137-148",
abstract="Event-related brain potentials were examined in 32 adolescents (50% female) from a high-risk sample, who were exposed to cocaine and other drugs prenatally. Adolescents were selected for extreme high- or low-risk behavior on the Balloon Analog Risk Task, a measure of real-world risk-taking propensity. The feedback error-related negativity (fERN), an event-related potential (ERP) that occurs when an expected reward does not occur, was examined in a game in which choices lead to monetary gains and losses with feedback delayed 1 or 2 s. The fERN was clearly visible in the fronto-central scalp region in this adolescent sample. Feedback type, feedback delay, risk status, and sex were all associated with fERN variability. Monetary feedback also elicited a P300-like component, moderated by delay and sex. Delaying reward feedback may provide a means for studying complementary functioning of dopamine and norepinephrine systems.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0378-5866",
doi="10.1159/000207501",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000207501"
}