@article{ref1,
title="Five-year retrospective study of mandibular fractures in Freiburg, Germany: incidence, etiology, treatment, and complications",
journal="Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery",
year="2009",
author="Bormann, Kai-Hendrik and Wild, Sarah and Gellrich, N. C. and Kokemüller, Horst and Stühmer, Constantin and Schmelzeisen, Rainer and Schön, Ralf",
volume="67",
number="6",
pages="1251-1255",
abstract="PURPOSE: To evaluate current trends in maxillofacial trauma, a retrospective review of mandibular fractures at a German university hospital was carried out. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, records of 444 patients with mandibular fractures between 2000 and 2005 at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Freiburg, Germany, were reviewed. A total of 444 patients presented with 696 mandibular fractures. RESULTS: Three hundred twenty-nine (74%) of the fractures occurred in male and 115 (26%) in female patients (2.9:1). One hundred forty-two fractures (32%) resulted from road traffic accidents, 126 from fights (28%), and 116 from falls (26%). Forty-four fractures were caused by sport accidents (10%) and 16 by pathologic fractures (4%). The mandibular condyle area was the most common fracture site, with 291 fractures (42%), followed by 144 fractures of the symphyseal and parasymphyseal area (21%) and 141 angle fractures (20%). Combined fractures were found in nearly half of the cases. Five hundred seventy-nine (83%) of patients with mandibular fractures were treated by surgical intervention, 117 (17%) of patients conservatively. Regarding the surgical treatment, 561 (65%) miniplates, 247 (29%) locking plates, and 51 (6%) lag screws were used. Complications, such as postoperative infections, abscesses, and osteomyelitis appeared in 66 (9%) cases. CONCLUSION: We concluded that osteosynthesis of mandibular fractures by miniplates and locking plates are both reliable.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0278-2391",
doi="10.1016/j.joms.2008.09.022",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2008.09.022"
}