@article{ref1,
title="Solo and multi-offenders who commit stranger kidnapping: an assessment of factors that correlate with violent events",
journal="Journal of interpersonal violence",
year="2018",
author="Cunningham, Shannon N. and Vandiver, Donna M.",
volume="33",
number="22",
pages="3459-3479",
abstract="Research has demonstrated that co-offending dyads and groups often use more violence than individual offenders. Despite the attention given to co-offending by the research community, kidnapping remains understudied. Stranger kidnappings are more likely than non-stranger kidnappings to involve the use of a weapon. Public fear of stranger kidnapping warrants further examination of this specific crime, including differences between those committed by solo and multi-offender groups. The current study uses National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) data to assess differences in use of violence among 4,912 stranger kidnappings by solo offenders and multi-offender groups using cross-tabulations, ordinal regression, and logistic regression. The results indicate that violent factors are significantly more common in multi-offender incidents, and that multi-offender groups have fewer arrests than solo offenders. The implications of these findings are discussed.
© The Author(s) 2016.
Language: en
", language="en", issn="0886-2605", doi="10.1177/0886260516635320", url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260516635320" }