@article{ref1,
title="How we can measure the non-driving-task engagement in automated driving: comparing flow experience and workload",
journal="Applied ergonomics",
year="2018",
author="Ko, Sang Min and Ji, Yong Gu",
volume="67",
number="",
pages="237-245",
abstract="In automated driving, a driver can completely concentrate on non-driving-related tasks (NDRTs). This study investigated the flow experience of a driver who concentrated on NDRTs and tasks that induce mental workload under conditional automation. Participants performed NDRTs under different demand levels: a balanced demand-skill level (fit condition) to induce flow, low-demand level to induce boredom, and high-demand level to induce anxiety. In addition, they performed the additional N-Back task, which artificially induces mental workload. The results showed participants had the longest reaction time when they indicated the highest flow score, and had the longest gaze-on time, road-fixation time, hands-on time, and take-over time under the fit condition. Significant differences were not observed in the driver reaction times in the fit condition and the additional N-Back task, indicating that performing NDRTs that induce a high flow experience could influence driver reaction time similar to performing tasks with a high mental workload.
Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Language: en
", language="en", issn="0003-6870", doi="10.1016/j.apergo.2017.10.009", url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2017.10.009" }