@article{ref1, title="The development of adaptive risk taking and the role of executive functions in a large sample of school-age boys and girls", journal="Trends in neuroscience and education", year="2019", author="Bell, Morris D. and Imal, Ahmet Esat and Pittman, Brian and Jin, Grace and Wexler, Bruce E.", volume="17", number="", pages="e100120-e100120", abstract="BACKGROUND: The Balloon Analogue Risk Task for Children (BART-C) demands self-regulation of emotion that requires risk-tolerance and adaptive risk-taking to make good decisions under stress (hot cognition).

METHODS: BART-C measures of adaptive risk-taking in 5,409 children K-8th grade were analyzed for improvements by grade, for relationships to executive functioning (EF) and for associations with school characteristics and academic achievement.

FINDINGS: BART-C improved across grades. Boys showed significantly greater Recklessness, particularly in middle school. EF was a partial mediator between grade and Variability and Recklessness. Better BART-C Total score and less Recklessness were related to lower free-or-reduced-school-lunch percentage and better math and reading proficiency of children's schools.

CONCLUSIONS: BART-C is a potential "hot-cognition" measure of self-regulation and adaptive risk-taking for children.

Copyright © 2019 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Language: en

", language="en", issn="2452-0837", doi="10.1016/j.tine.2019.100120", url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tine.2019.100120" }