%0 Journal Article
%T Development of structure-function coupling in human brain networks during youth
%J Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
%D 2019
%A Baum, Graham L.
%A Cui, Zaixu
%A Roalf, David R.
%A Ciric, Rastko
%A Betzel, Richard F.
%A Larsen, Bart
%A Cieslak, Matthew
%A Cook, Philip A.
%A Xia, Cedric H.
%A Moore, Tyler M.
%A Ruparel, Kosha
%A Oathes, Desmond J.
%A Alexander-Bloch, Aaron F.
%A Shinohara, Russell T.
%A Raznahan, Armin
%A Gur, Raquel E.
%A Gur, Ruben C.
%A Bassett, Danielle S.
%A Satterthwaite, Theodore D.
%V ePub
%N ePub
%P ePub-ePub
%X The human brain is organized into a hierarchy of functional systems that evolve in childhood and adolescence to support the dynamic control of attention and behavior. However, it remains unknown how developing white-matter architecture supports coordinated fluctuations in neural activity underlying cognition. We document marked remodeling of structure-function coupling in youth, which aligns with cortical hierarchies of functional specialization and evolutionary expansion. Further, we demonstrate that structure-function coupling in rostrolateral prefrontal cortex supports age-related improvements in executive ability. These findings have broad relevance for accounts of experience-dependent plasticity in healthy development and abnormal development associated with neuropsychiatric illness.   The protracted development of structural and functional brain connectivity within distributed association networks coincides with improvements in higher-order cognitive processes such as executive function. However, it remains unclear how white-matter architecture develops during youth to directly support coordinated neural activity. Here, we characterize the development of structure-function coupling using diffusion-weighted imaging and n-back functional MRI data in a sample of 727 individuals (ages 8 to 23 y). We found that spatial variability in structure-function coupling aligned with cortical hierarchies of functional specialization and evolutionary expansion. Furthermore, hierarchy-dependent age effects on structure-function coupling localized to transmodal cortex in both cross-sectional data and a subset of participants with longitudinal data (n = 294). Moreover, structure-function coupling in rostrolateral prefrontal cortex was associated with executive performance and partially mediated age-related improvements in executive function. Together, these findings delineate a critical dimension of adolescent brain development, whereby the coupling between structural and functional connectivity remodels to support functional specialization and cognition.       brain developmentMRIconnectomecortical organizationstructure-function<p /> <p>Language: en</p>
%G en
%I National Academy of Sciences
%@ 0027-8424
%U http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1912034117