%0 Journal Article
%T The causal effect of education and cognitive performance on risk for suicide attempt: a combined instrumental variable and co-relative approach in a Swedish national cohort
%J Journal of affective disorders
%D 2022
%A Lannoy, Séverine
%A Ohlsson, Henrik
%A Kendler, Kenneth S.
%A Sundquist, Jan
%A Sundquist, Kristina
%A Edwards, Alexis C.
%V ePub
%N ePub
%P ePub-ePub
%X BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to clarify the possible causal associations between education phenotypes and non-fatal suicide attempts. In particular, we evaluated the roles of academic achievement (school grades), cognitive performance (IQ), and educational attainment (education level). <br><br>METHODS: Based on longitudinal Swedish registry data, we included 2,335,763 individuals (48.7% female) with available school grades, 1,448,438 men with IQ measures, and 4,352,989 individuals (48.4% female) with available data on education level. We combined two different approaches to aid in causal inference: 1) instrumental variables analysis, using month of birth as an instrument related to education but not suicide attempt, to control for measured and unmeasured confounders, and 2) co-relative analysis, comparing pairs of different genetic relatedness (cousins, half, and full siblings) to control for genetic and environmental influences. <br><br>RESULTS: High education was associated with reduced risk of suicide attempt. Instrumental variable analysis indicated evidence of a likely causal association between higher school grades and lower risk of suicide attempts (HR = 0.71). Co-relative analyses supported the causality between the three predictors and suicide attempt risk (school grades, HR = 0.80, IQ, HR = 0.83, education level, HR = 0.76). Finally, we examined the specificity of education phenotypes and found that both cognitive (IQ) and non-cognitive (school grades, education level) processes were involved in suicide attempt risk. LIMITATIONS: IQ was only available in men, limiting the generalizability of this analysis in women. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Efforts to support causal associations in psychiatric research are needed to offer better intervention. Programs improving education during adolescence would decrease suicide attempt risk.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>
%G en
%I Elsevier Publishing
%@ 0165-0327
%U http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2022.03.004