TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2008//
TI  - The psychological effects of solitary confinement on prisoners in supermax units: reviewing what we know and recommending what should change
JO  - International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology
A1  - Arrigo, Bruce A.
A1  - Bullock, Jennifer Leslie
SP  - 622
EP  - 640
VL  - 52
IS  - 6
N2  - This article examines the psychological consequences of short- and long-term solitary confinement for prisoners in the United States subjected to administrative or disciplinary segregation. Particular attention is paid to the use of secure housing units, alternatively known as control units or supermax units. These correctional entities allow for the isolation of convicts under conditions that offer little sensory stimulation and minimal opportunities for interaction with other people. The circumstances typically found in these units and the heightened potential for the abuse of prisoners are described. The connections between internment and mental illness-as well as isolation and race, gender, and class-are explored. A set of recommendations for the reform of secure housing is presented.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0306-624X
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624X07309720
ID  - ref1
ER  -