TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2011//
TI  - Female boxing in Italy: 2002-2007 report
JO  - British journal of sports medicine
A1  - Bianco, Massimiliano
A1  - Sanna, N.
A1  - Bucari, S
A1  - Fabiano, Carmela
A1  - Palmieri, V.
A1  - Zeppilli, Paolo
SP  - 563
EP  - 570
VL  - 45
IS  - 7
N2  - OBJECTIVE: to collect medical data on women's boxing. DESIGN: Cross-sectional and longitudinal study. SETTING: Medical examinations requested by Italian laws. PARTICIPANTS: A retrospective study was conducted on all female boxing competitions in Italy from April 2001 to December 2007. Sixty-one amateur female boxers were evaluated longitudinally. INTERVENTIONS: Retrospective study: all pre-/post-match medical reports were analyzed. Prospective study: Breast, gynaecologic, brain, eyes, ear, nose and throat examinations were carried out. Main outcome measurements: Retrospective study: any injury assessed before/after the match. Prospective study: health problems which could be related to boxing activity. RESULTS: Retrospective study: data from 5600 examinations were collected. Pre-competition, a medical problem was recorded in 3 athletes (1 conjunctiva hyperemia, 1 zygomatic bruise, 1 eyelid hematoma). Post-competition, 51/2800 medical checks showed mild common injuries, such as, soft tissue facial lesions, epistaxis, and hand-wrist problems. Only one concussion was recorded with hospitalization (for a thorough evaluation). Another athlete was hospitalized for a nasal fracture. Prospective study: 2 fibroadenomas, 3 ovarian cysts, and 1 intramural uterine myoma were diagnosed. In 4 boxers non-specific electroencephalographic abnormalities were detected however with a normal brain MRI in 3 (the 4th is still waiting for the radiologic procedure). Nasal septum deviation was common (42.6%) and a transmissive hypoacusia was observed in 2 athletes. No major eye injuries were reported. CONCLUSIONS: Female boxing seems to be a safe sport with a very low incidence of events requiring hospitalization. No specific diseases in female boxers could be observed, in particular regarding the breast and reproductive system.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0306-3674
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2009.061135
ID  - ref1
ER  -