TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2005//
TI  - Biosocial bases of aggressive and violent behavior-implications for nursing studies
JO  - International journal of nursing studies
A1  - Liu, Juhua
A1  - Wuerker, Anne
SP  - 229
EP  - 241
VL  - 42
IS  - 2
N2  - Although aggression and violence have been increasingly viewed as a major public health problem with a biological and health basis, it has been under-researched in the nursing and health context. This paper reviews early biological risk factors for violence. These factors include pregnancy/birth complications, fetal exposure to nicotine, alcohol, and drugs, low cholesterol, malnutrition, lead and manganese exposure, head injuries and brain dysfunction, low arousal, low serotonin, low cortisol, and high testosterone. A biopsychosocial violence mode is proposed. Finally, the paper argues that nursing is ideally placed to develop a new body of knowledge based on a biosocial perspective that can lead to more effective prevention programs for violence.
LA  - 
SN  - 0020-7489
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2004.06.007
ID  - ref1
ER  -