TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2009//
TI  - Cold injury
JO  - Hand clinics
A1  - Mohr, Wm J.
A1  - Jenabzadeh, Kamrun
A1  - Ahrenholz, David H.
SP  - 481
EP  - 496
VL  - 25
IS  - 4
N2  - The pathophysiology of true frostbite reveals that the direct injury produced during the initial freeze process has a minor contribution to the global tissue damage. However, rapid rewarming to reverse the tissue crystallization has essentially been the lone frostbite intervention for almost half a century. The major pathologic process is the progressive microvascular thrombosis following reperfusion of the ischemic limb, with the cold-damaged endothelial cells playing a central role in the outcome of these frozen tissues. Newer interventions offer the opportunity to combat this process, and this article offers a scientific approach to frostbite injuries of the upper extremities.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0749-0712
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hcl.2009.06.004
ID  - ref1
ER  -