TY  - JOUR
PY  - 1991//
TI  - Self-restraint: a review of etiology and applications in mentally retarded adults with self-injury
JO  - Research in developmental disabilities
A1  - Isley, E. M.
A1  - Kartsonis, C.
A1  - McCurley, C. M.
A1  - Weisz, K. E.
A1  - Roberts, Michael S.
SP  - 87
EP  - 95
VL  - 12
IS  - 1
N2  - Self-restraint has been noted in studies of self-injurious behavior (SIB) in mentally retarded individuals. These studies have investigated self-restraint in the context of SIB, and as a result it has been difficult to isolate the function of self-restraint within this complex clinical situation. This article summarizes and critically analyzes the literature on self-restraint, particularly its identification, etiology, modification, and relationship to SIB. At present there is some empirical evidence to suggest that self-restraint is negatively reinforced by the termination or avoidance of SIB. Other studies have demonstrated that self-restraint can develop stimulus control properties for the absence of SIB. Finally, it has been suggested that self-restraint may function independently of SIB and be maintained by escape from demands or by conditioned reinforcement. Clinical concerns include the need for a functional analysis of self-restraint, the undesirable effects on SIB of reducing self-restraint, and the necessity of replacing self-restraint topographies with ones which do not interfere with daily activities.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0891-4222
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/
ID  - ref1
ER  -