TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2009//
TI  - Challenge of Evacuating the Carless in Five Major U.S. Cities
JO  - Transportation research record
A1  - Renne, John
A1  - Sanchez, Thomas
A1  - Jenkins, Pam
A1  - Peterson, Reece
SP  - 36
EP  - 44
VL  - 2119
IS  - 
N2  - The 2007 evacuation of New Orleans, Louisiana, was one of the most successful in U.S. history with more than 1.2 million people evacuating the region by car during a 48-h period. It was also one of the most unsuccessful evacuations for a carless society—those without access to cars or those without the physical or economic means to evacuate who were stranded below sea level. Reasons for the successful car-based evacuation stem from local, regional, and interstate collaboration of transportation professionals, emergency managers, and state police to establish a highway contra-flow traffic management system. Evacuating carless and special needs populations requires collaboration of various stakeholders, including transportation planners, emergency managers, health-care providers, and others. This discussion is based on stakeholder focus groups across five U.S. regions, including Chicago, Illinois; Miami, Florida; New Orleans; New York; and San Francisco, California. The paper concludes with a discussion of overall themes emerging from the focus groups around coordinating emergency preparedness at a regional scale.<p />
LA  - en
SN  - 0361-1981
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2119-05
ID  - ref1
ER  -