TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2004//
TI  - X-ray mapping technique: a preliminary study in discriminating gunshot residue particles from aggregates of environmental occupational origin
JO  - Forensic science international
A1  - Cardinetti, Bruno
A1  - Ciampini, Claudio
A1  - D'Onofrio, Carlo
A1  - Orlando, Giovanni
A1  - Gravina, Luciano
A1  - Ferrari, Francesco
A1  - Di Tullio, Donatello
A1  - Torresi, Luca
SP  - 1
EP  - 19
VL  - 143
IS  - 1
N2  - The possibility of detection of lead-antimony-barium aggregates from non-firearm sources is confirmed according to the tests performed on brake pads, and firework and automobile workers. Moreover, information on particles taken from cartridge cases shows the relative feeble importance of the morphology in distinguishing gunshot residues (GSRs). Furthermore, also the presence in the spectrum of other elements (e.g., iron) is not so conclusive. In this panorama, the possibility of discriminating gunshot residue particles from other non-firearm lead-antimony-barium aggregates is investigated: the proposed method is based on X-ray mapping technique--currently applied used in Reparto Carabinieri Investigazioni Scientifiche in Rome, the forensic service of Italian Carabinieri--according to which the spatial distribution of the emission energy of each element of the sample is pictured. Gunshot residues present the same lead-antimony-barium distribution (or at least the same antimony-barium distribution with lead nodules), as some other environmental occupational aggregates do not (different plaques of lead, antimony, and barium). So, X-ray mapping technique can offer a new fundamental evaluation parameter in analysis of gunshot residues with scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive (SEM/EDS) spectrometry, and new standards could be considered.<p /> <p>Language: en</p> 
LA  - en
SN  - 0379-0738
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.01.019
ID  - ref1
ER  -