TY  - JOUR
PY  - 1993//
TI  - Catastrophic volcanic collapse: relation to hydrothermal processes
JO  - Science
A1  - López, D. L.
A1  - Williams, S. N.
SP  - 1794
EP  - 1796
VL  - 260
IS  - 5115
N2  - Catastrophic volcanic collapse, without precursory magmatic activity, is characteristic of many volcanic disasters. The extent and locations of hydrothermal discharges at Nevado del Ruiz volcano, Colombia, suggest that at many volcanoes collapse may result from the interactions between hydrothermal fluids and the volcanic edifice. Rock dissolution and hydrothermal mineral alteration, combined with physical triggers such as earth-quakes, can produce volcanic collapse. Hot spring water compositions, residence times, and flow paths through faults were used to model potential collapse at Ruiz. Caldera dimensions, deposits, and alteration mineral volumes are consistent with parameters observed at other volcanoes.<p /> <p>Language: en</p> 
LA  - en
SN  - 0036-8075
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.260.5115.1794
ID  - ref1
ER  -