TY - JOUR PY - 2005// TI - Blackout 2003: preparedness and lessons learned from the perspectives of four hospitals JO - Prehospital and disaster medicine A1 - Klein, Kelly R. A1 - Rosenthal, Marjorie S. A1 - Klausner, Howard A. SP - 343 EP - 349 VL - 20 IS - 5 N2 - INTRODUCTION: The blackout in North America of August 2003 was one of the worst on record. It affected eight US states and parts of Canada for >24 hours. Additionally, two large US cities, Detroit, Michigan and Cleveland, Ohio, suffered from a loss of water pressure and a subsequent ban on the use of public supplies of potable water that lasted four days. A literature review revealed a paucity of literature that describes blackouts and how they may affect the medical community. METHODS: This paper includes a review of after-action reports from four inner-city, urban hospitals supplemented accounts from the authors' hospital's emergency operations center (EOC). RESULTS: Some of the problems encountered, included: (1)lighting; (2) elevator operations; (3) supplies of water; (4) communication operations; (5) computer failure; (6) lack of adequate supplies of food; (7) mobility to obtain X-ray studies; (8) heating, air condition, and ventilation; (9) staffing; (10) pharmacy; (11) registration of patients; (12) hospital EOC; (13) loss of isolation facilities; (14) inadequate supplies of paper; (15) impaired ability to provide care for non-emergency patients; (16) sanitation; and (17) inadequate emergency power. DISCUSSION: The blackout of 2003 uncovered problems within the US hospital system, ranging from staffing to generator coverage. This report is a review of the effects that the blackout and water ban of 2003 had on hospitals in a large inner-city area. Also discussed are solutions utilized at the time and recommendations for the future. CONCLUSION: The blackout of 2003 was an excellent test of disaster/emergency planning, and produced many valuable lessons to be used in future events. LA - SN - 1049-023X UR - http://dx.doi.org/ ID - ref1 ER -