TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2003//
TI  - On the production of victory: empirical determinants of battlefield success in modern war
JO  - Defence and peace economics
A1  - Rotte, Ralph
A1  - Schmidt, Christoph
SP  - 175
EP  - 192
VL  - 14
IS  - 3
N2  - Using a data set of historical battles from 1600 to 1973, this paper analyzes the empirical determinants of tactical success in modern war. Based on a reduced form approach we consider key elements of military theory as production factors for combat success as an output of a military production function. The paper focuses on the relationship of material and non-material factors to battlefield success, and especially on the role of superior force strengths. Contrary to the emphasis on technology which can be found in the recent literature, our estimation results indicate that numerical superiority has retained its crucial role for battlefield performance throughout history. In general, human elements of warfare, like leadership, morale and surprise, have continued to be important determinants of battle outcome despite technological progress in weapons.<p /> 
LA  - 
SN  - 1024-2694
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1024269022000000868
ID  - ref1
ER  -