TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2010//
TI  - Organizational factors that contribute to police deadly force liability
JO  - Journal of criminal justice
A1  - Lee, Hoon
A1  - Vaughn, Michael S.
SP  - 193
EP  - 206
VL  - 38
IS  - 2
N2  - Police use of deadly force is a significant concern for municipal policymakers and law enforcement agencies. Following U.S. Supreme Court case law, police agencies and municipal entities may be held civilly liable under Section 1983 for force that is not objectively reasonable; for failure to train; and for policies, customs, and practices that cause constitutional injury. This article analyzes eighty-six cases from the U.S. District Courts and the U.S. Courts of Appeals on Section 1983 liability regarding police use of deadly force. The article focuses specifically on police firearm use in deadly force situations, highlighting how managerial disorganization and administrative breakdown impacts departmental decision making. Principles of management, such as division of labor, hierarchy of authority. span of control, unity of command, and communication are used to explain bad shootings that lead to potential police liability. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.<p />
LA  - 
SN  - 0047-2352
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2010.02.001
ID  - ref1
ER  -