TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2011//
TI  - Early Indicators of Enduring Symptoms in High School Athletes with Multiple Previous Concussions
JO  - Neurosurgery
A1  - Schatz, Philip
A1  - Moser, Rosemarie Scolaro
A1  - Covassin, Tracey
A1  - Karpf, Robin
SP  - 1562
EP  - 7; discussion 1567
VL  - 68
IS  - 6
N2  - BACKGROUND:: Despite recent findings of cognitive, emotional, physical, and behavioral symptomatology in retired professional athletes with a history of multiple concussions, there is little systematic research examining these symptoms in high school athletes with a history of concussion. OBJECTIVE:: To identify cognitive, emotional, and physical symptoms, at baseline, in non-concussed high school athletes on the basis of concussion history. METHODS:: A multi-center sample of 616 high school athletes, who completed baseline evaluations, were assigned to groups on the basis of history of concussion (none, one, two or more previous). The Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS) was administered as part of a computerized neuropsychological test battery, during athletes' pre-season baseline evaluations. Cross-sectional analyses were used to examine symptoms reported at the time of baseline neuropsychological testing. RESULTS:: High school athletes with a history of two or more concussions showed significantly higher ratings of concussion-related symptoms (cognitive, physical, sleep difficulties) than athletes with a history of one or no previous concussions. CONCLUSION:: It appears that youth athletes who sustain multiple concussions experience a variety of subtle effects, which may be possible precursors to the future onset of concussion-related difficulties.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0148-396X
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/NEU.0b013e31820e382e
ID  - ref1
ER  -