TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2011//
TI  - Protective and risk factors in amateur equestrians and description of injury patterns: A retrospective data analysis and a case - control survey
JO  - Journal of trauma management and outcomes
A1  - Hasler, Rebecca Maria
A1  - Gyssler, Lena
A1  - Benneker, Lorin
A1  - Martinolli, Luca
A1  - Schotzau, Andreas
A1  - Zimmermann, Heinz
A1  - Exadaktylos, Aristomenis K.
SP  - 4
EP  - 4
VL  - 5
IS  - 1
N2  - BACKGROUND: : In Switzerland there are about 150,000 equestrians. Horse related injuries, including head and spinal injuries, are frequently treated at our level I trauma center. OBJECTIVES: To analyze injury patterns, protective factors, and risk factors related to horse riding, and to define groups of safer riders and those at greater risk METHOD: S: We present a retrospective and a case-control survey at conducted a tertiary trauma center in Bern, Switzerland. Injured equestrians from July 2000 - June 2006 were retrospectively classified by injury pattern and neurological symptoms. Injured equestrians from July-December 2008 were prospectively collected using a questionnaire with 17 variables. The same questionnaire was applied in non-injured controls. Multiple logistic regression was performed, and combined risk factors were calculated using inference trees. RESULTS: : Retrospective survey: A total of 528 injuries occurred in 365 patients. The injury pattern revealed as follows: extremities (32%: upper 17%, lower 15%), head (24%), spine (14%), thorax (9%), face (9%), pelvis (7%) and abdomen (2%). Two injuries were fatal. One case resulted in quadriplegia, one in paraplegia. Case-control survey: 61 patients and 102 controls (patients: 72% female, 28% male; controls: 63% female, 37% male) were included. Falls were most frequent (65%), followed by horse kicks (19%) and horse bites (2%). Variables statistically significant for the controls were: Older age (p=0.015), male gender (p=0.04) and holding a diploma in horse riding (p=0.004). Inference trees revealed typical groups less and more likely to suffer injury. CONCLUSIONS: : Experience with riding and having passed a diploma in horse riding seem to be protective factors. Educational levels and injury risk should be graded within an educational level-injury risk index.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 1752-2897
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1752-2897-5-4
ID  - ref1
ER  -