TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2008//
TI  - Response of lower extremity in car-pedestrian impact - influence of muscle contraction
JO  - Proceedings of the International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury conference
A1  - Malhorta, R.
A1  - Mukherjee, S.
A1  - Chawala, A.
A1  - Soni, A.
SP  - 469
EP  - 
VL  - 36
IS  - 
N2  - The effect of muscle contraction on lower extremity injuries in car-pedestrian lateral impact were investigated. A full body pedestrian model with active muscles was developed. FE simulations were conducted using the full body model and front structures of a car. Two pre-impact conditions, that of a symmetrically standing pedestrian, representing a cadaver and an unaware pedestrian, have been simulated. Stretch based reflexive action was included in the simulations for an unaware pedestrian. Results show that due to muscle contraction (1) peak strain in all the knee ligaments reduces (2) VonMises stresses in tibia and fibula increase to their ultimate stress limits and are predicted to fail and (3) knee joint effective stiffness increases by 67% in lateral bending.<p />
LA  - en
SN  - 2235-3151
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/
ID  - ref1
ER  -