TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2000//
TI  - Mathematical human body models representing a mid size male and a small female for frontal, lateral and rearward impact loading
JO  - Proceedings of the International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury conference
A1  - Happee, Riender
A1  - Ridella, S.
A1  - Nayef, A.
A1  - Morsink, P.
A1  - de Lange, Ronald
A1  - Bours, R. C. H.
A1  - van Hoof, J.
SP  - 67
EP  - 84
VL  - 28
IS  - 
N2  - A human body model representing a mid size male has been presented at the 1998 Stapp Car Crash Conference (See ITRD E201435). A combination of modeling techniques was applied using rigid bodies for most segments, but describing the thorax as a deformable structure. In the current paper, this modeling strategy was employed to also develop a model representing a small female. The validation database was extended and now includes lateral validation. The anthropometry of both models has been derived from the RAMSIS anthropometry database. Joint properties for the mid size male were derived from literature, and established scaling techniques were employed to derive joint properties for the small female model. The mid size male model was validated using: frontal volunteer sled tests, frontal and lateral Post Mortem Human Subject (PMHS) impactor tests in various body regions, lateral PMHS sled tests, and rearward volunteer and PMHS tests. The small female model was validated using scaled biofidelity requirements from the literature and biomechanical data of the applicable body size including size airbag loading. The models were found to satisfy the available biofidelity requirements in terms of kinematics, chest deflections, and accelerations.<p /> 
LA  - en
SN  - 2235-3151
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/
ID  - ref1
ER  -