TY  - JOUR
PY  - 1999//
TI  - An improved lower leg multibody model
JO  - Proceedings of the International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury conference
A1  - Cappon, Hans J.
A1  - Van Den Kroonenberg, A.
A1  - Happee, Riender
A1  - Wismans, Jshm
SP  - 499
EP  - 512
VL  - 27
IS  - 
N2  - Injuries to the lower extremities are among the most serious, non life threatening injuries occurring nowadays. In order to investigate and predict the occurrence of injuries, biofidelic research tools like mathematical human body models are needed. The model of the lower extremity, presented in this paper, includes active musculature, simulating bracing and fracture at certain injury thresholds found in literature. The model was validated with toe and heel impact tests on human specimens and volunteers, and generally good agreement was found between experimental results and simulations. Using the model in a footwell intrusion simulation illustrates the prediction of fracture due to the contribution of active musculature in tibia loading.<p /> 
LA  - en
SN  - 2235-3151
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/
ID  - ref1
ER  -