TY  - JOUR
PY  - 1997//
TI  - Head restraint positioning and occupant safety in rear impacts: the case for smart restraints
JO  - Proceedings of the International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury conference
A1  - Cullen, E.
A1  - Stabler, K.
A1  - Mackay, G. Murray
A1  - Parkin, S.
SP  - 137
EP  - 152
VL  - 24
IS  - 
N2  - In this study head restraint positioning was examined for drivers in the United States and front seat passengers in both the United Kingdom and the US. Video footage of real world driving situations was analyzed to provide data on the position of head restraints, together with details of occupant and vehicle characteristics. At least 88% of occupants had the restraint positioned too low, and in at least 24% of cases the restraint was too far from the head horizontally. These findings have serious implications for safety, particularly in rear impacts. There is, therefore, a need to improve head restraint design, and the arguments for smart restraints are examined.<p /> 
LA  - en
SN  - 2235-3151
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/
ID  - ref1
ER  -