TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2008//
TI  - Change in smoking and drinking after september 11, 2001, in a national sample of ever smokers and ever drinkers
JO  - Journal of nervous and mental disease
A1  - Pfefferbaum, Betty
A1  - North, Carol S.
A1  - Pfefferbaum, Rose L.
A1  - Christiansen, Elaine H.
A1  - Schorr, John K.
A1  - Vincent, Robert D.
A1  - Boudreaux, Angela S.
SP  - 113
EP  - 121
VL  - 196
IS  - 2
N2  - Telephone survey methodology was used to examine smoking and drinking after the September 11 terrorist attacks in a representative national sample. Most ever smokers and ever drinkers reported no change in substance use after the attacks. Smokers and drinkers who increased substance use were significantly more likely than those who did not to endorse a number of emotional reactions and functional difficulties. The pattern of associations of decreased use with emotional reactions and functional difficulties differed between smokers and drinkers. In general, decreased smoking was associated with denial of emotional reactions and functional difficulties whereas decreased drinking was associated with endorsement of these reactions and difficulties. The results have implications for research, clinical practice, and public health.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0022-3018
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0b013e318162aaae
ID  - ref1
ER  -