TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2002//
TI  - Self-Esteem and Socioeconomic Status: A Meta-Analytic Review
JO  - Personality and social psychology review
A1  - Twenge, Jean M.
A1  - Campbell, W. Keith
SP  - 59
EP  - 71
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
N2  - Socioeconomic status (SES) has a small but significantrelationship with self-esteem (d = .15, r = .08) in a meta-analysis of 446 samples (total participant N = 312,940). Higher SES individuals report higher self-esteem. The effect size is very small in young children, increases substantially during young adulthood, continues higher until middle age, and is then smaller for adults over the age of 60. Gender interacts with birth cohort: The effect size increased over time for women but decreased over time for men. Asians and Asian Americans show a higher effect size, and occupation and education produce higher correlations with self-esteem than income does. The results are most consistent with a social indicator or salience model.<p /> 
LA  - 
SN  - 1088-8683
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/S15327957PSPR0601_3
ID  - ref1
ER  -