TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2004//
TI  - Trauma in the city of Kerma: ancient versus modern injury patterns
JO  - International journal of osteoarchaeology
A1  - Judd, M.
SP  - 34
EP  - 51
VL  - 14
IS  - 1
N2  - Injuries, whether accidental or intentional, have incapacitated humans and their primordial ancestors throughout time, although the injury mechanisms have become increasingly more technologically sophisticated. Interpretation of injury aetiology among past peoples is challenging, and often impossible, however, clinical research from developing countries provides a useful analogy with which to evaluate trauma or health patterns of an ancient society. This paper presents a systematic analysis of cranial and postcranial skeletal trauma among 223 adults who were excavated by George Reisner in 1923 from the city of Kerma (1750–1550 BC), Egypt's ancient nemesis in the struggle for control of the Nile River trade route. A total of 156 injuries (fractures, dislocations and muscle pulls among the skull, long bones, extremities and torso) were observed among 88 individuals, 48 of whom had one injury only. The skull was the most frequently traumatized element (11.2%) followed by the ulna (8.3%); 2.4% (48/2029) long bones were fractured.<p /> 
LA  - 
SN  - 1047-482X
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oa.711
ID  - ref1
ER  -