TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2011//
TI  - The effect of concurrent bandwidth feedback on learning the lane-keeping task in a driving simulator
JO  - Human factors
A1  - de Groot, Stefan
A1  - de Winter, Joost C. F.
A1  - García, José Manuel López
A1  - Mulder, Max
A1  - Wieringa, Peter A.
SP  - 50
EP  - 62
VL  - 53
IS  - 1
N2  - Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether concurrent bandwidth feedback improves learning of the lane-keeping task in a driving simulator.                         Background: Previous research suggests that bandwidth feedback improves learning and that off-target feedback is superior to on-target feedback. This study aimed to extend these findings for the lane-keeping task.                         Method: Participants without a driver’s license drove five 8-min lane-keeping sessions in a driver training simulator: three practice sessions, an immediate retention session, and a delayed retention session 1 day later. There were four experimental groups (n = 15 per group): (a) on-target, receiving seat vibrations when the center of the car was within 0.5 m of the lane center; (b) off-target, receiving seat vibrations when the center of the car was more than 0.5 m away from the lane center; (c) control, receiving no vibrations; and (d) realistic, receiving seat vibrations depending on engine speed. During retention, all groups were provided with the realistic vibrations.                         Results: During practice, on-target and off-target groups had better lane-keeping performance than the nonaugmented groups, but this difference diminished in the retention phase. Furthermore, during late practice and retention, the off-target group outperformed the on-target group. The off-target group had a higher rate of steering reversal and higher steering entropy than the nonaugmented groups, whereas no clear group differences were found regarding mean speed, mental workload, or self-reported measures.                         Conclusion: Off-target feedback is superior to on-target feedback for learning the lane-keeping task.                         Application: This research provides knowledge to researchers and designers of training systems about the value of feedback in simulator-based training of vehicular control.<p />
LA  - en
SN  - 0018-7208
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018720810393241
ID  - ref1
ER  -