TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2011//
TI  - Effect of muscle contraction in high-speed car-pedestrian impact: Simulations for walking posture
JO  - International journal of vehicle safety
A1  - Soni, Anurag
A1  - Chawla, Anoop
A1  - Mukherjee, Sudipto
A1  - Malhotra, Rajesh
SP  - 101
EP  - 116
VL  - 5
IS  - 2
N2  - The effect of muscle contraction on lower extremity injuries for pedestrian walking posture in car-pedestrian lateral impact at 40 km/h is studied through FE simulations using the PMALE in the walking posture and front structures of a car. Impact on right (trailing) and left (leading) leg have been simulated as a cadaver and an unaware pedestrian with stretch based reflexes. It is concluded that with muscle contraction, risk of ligament failure decreases in lateral impacts and ligaments are differentially loaded due to impact at the two stance phases. Active muscles may not affect bone fracture in high speed car-pedestrian crashes.<p />
LA  - en
SN  - 1479-3105
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/IJVS.2011.040130
ID  - ref1
ER  -