TY  - JOUR
PY  - 1998//
TI  - Evaluation of neutralized chemical agent identification sets (CAIS) for skin injury with an overview of the vesicant potential of agent degradation products
JO  - Journal of applied toxicology
A1  - Olajos, E. J.
A1  - Olson, C. T.
A1  - Salem, H.
A1  - Singer, A. W.
A1  - Hayes, T. L.
A1  - Menton, R. G.
A1  - Miller, T. L.
A1  - Rosso, T.
A1  - MacIver, B.
SP  - 409
EP  - 420
VL  - 18
IS  - 6
N2  - Vesication and skin irritation studies were conducted in hairless guinea-pigs to determine the vesicant and skin irritation potential of chemically-neutralized Chemical Agent Identification Sets (CAIS). The CAIS are training items that contain chemical warfare-related material--sulfur mustard (HD), nitrogen mustard (HN) or lewisite (L)--and were declared obsolete in 1971. Animals were dosed topically with 'test article'--neat HD, 10% agent/chloroform solutions or product solutions (waste-streams) from neutralized CAIS--and evaluated for skin-damaging effects (gross and microscopic). Product solutions from the chemical neutralization of neat sulfur mustard resulted in microvesicle formation. All agent-dosed (HD or agent/chloroform solutions) sites manifested microblisters as well as other histopathological lesions of the skin. Waste-streams from the neutralization of agent (agent/chloroform or agent/charcoal) were devoid of vesicant activity. Cutaneous effects (erythema and edema) were consistent with the skin-injurious activity associated with the neutralizing reagent 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (DCDMH). Chemical neutralization of CAIS was effective in eliminating/reducing the vesicant property of CAIS containing agent in chloroform or agent on charcoal but was inefficient in reducing the vesicant potential of CAIS containing neat sulfur mustard.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0260-437X
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/
ID  - ref1
ER  -