TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2011//
TI  - Bystanders matter: associations between reinforcing, defending, and the frequency of bullying behavior in classrooms
JO  - Journal of clinical child and adolescent psychology
A1  - Salmivalli, Christina
A1  - Voeten, Marinus
A1  - Poskiparta, Elisa
SP  - 668
EP  - 676
VL  - 40
IS  - 5
N2  - This study investigated whether the bystanders? behaviors (reinforcing the bully vs. defending the victim) in bullying situations are related to the frequency of bullying in a classroom. The sample consisted of 6,764 primary school children from Grades 3 to 5 (9?11 years of age), who were nested within 385 classrooms in 77 schools. The students filled out Internet-based questionnaires in their schools? computer labs. The results from multilevel models showed that defending the victim was negatively associated with the frequency of bullying in a classroom, whereas the effect of reinforcing the bully was positive and strong. The results suggest that bystander responses influence the frequency of bullying, which makes them suitable targets for antibullying interventions.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 1537-4416
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2011.597090
ID  - ref1
ER  -