TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2011//
TI  - Quantitative analysis of amphetamine in femoral blood from drug-poisoning deaths compared with venous blood from impaired drivers
JO  - Bioanalysis
A1  - Jones, Alan Wayne
A1  - Holmgren, Anita
A1  - Ahlner, Johan
SP  - 2195
EP  - 2204
VL  - 3
IS  - 19
N2  - Background: Amphetamine is a major drug of abuse worldwide. Here we compare the concentrations of this stimulant amine in femoral blood in drug fatalities with venous blood from impaired drivers. Method: Amphetamine was determined in blood by isotope-dilution GC-MS after liquid-liquid extraction. Results: Amphetamine was the only drug identified in 36 fatalities at mean (median) and highest concentrations of 2.0 mg/l (1.5 mg/l) and 14.0 mg/l. In multiple-drug deaths (n = 383), the concentrations were 0.94 mg/l (0.4 mg/l) and 13.3 mg/l. In impaired drivers with amphetamine as the only drug (n = 6138), the concentrations were 1.0 mg/l (0.8 mg/l) and 11.9 mg/l, compared with 0.78 mg/l (0.6 mg/l) and 22.3 mg/l in multidrug users (n = 8250). Conclusion: Fatal amphetamine poisonings cannot be identified on the basis of the concentration in blood alone, owing to the development of tolerance and the toxicity of co-ingested substances.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 1757-6180
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/bio.11.222
ID  - ref1
ER  -