TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2011//
TI  - The Relationship Between Career Pathways of Internal and Citizen Complaints
JO  - Police quarterly
A1  - Harris, Christopher J.
SP  - 142
EP  - 165
VL  - 14
IS  - 2
N2  - This study explores the career pathways and their related linkages of officer problem behaviors from two sources: complaints filed by citizens and complaints filed internally by other officers. Using retrospective longitudinal data from a large cohort of officers, results indicate that while both citizen and internal complaints are patterned differently at the aggregate level over officer experience, both contain multiple pathways at the individual level. Analyses further demonstrate a small group of officers in both complaint types who account for a disproportionate amount of deviance, and officers belonging to one group tend to belong to the other. Implications are discussed.<p /> 
LA  - 
SN  - 1098-6111
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098611111404141
ID  - ref1
ER  -