TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2000//
TI  - Pepper spray - A safe and reasonable response to suspect verbal resistance
JO  - Policing (Bradford)
A1  - Smith, Michael R.
A1  - Alpert, Geoffrey P.
SP  - 233
EP  - 245
VL  - 23
IS  - 2
N2  - Explores the debate over the safety and efficacy of police use of force tactics in general, and pepper spray in particular. Introduces the force continua, checklists employed by US police forces to prescribe levels of force to be used in particular situations. Reviews the literature, discusses two recent studies and the legal and ethical issues involved. Suggests further research in less-than-lethal weapons.<p /> 
LA  - 
SN  - 1363-951X
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13639510010333859
ID  - ref1
ER  -