TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2003//
TI  - Deaths related to lead poisoning in the United States, 1979-1998
JO  - Environmental research
A1  - Kaufmann, Rachel B.
A1  - Staes, Catherine J.
A1  - Matte, Thomas D.
SP  - 78
EP  - 84
VL  - 91
IS  - 2
N2  - This study was conducted to describe trends in US lead poisoning-related deaths between 1979 and 1998. The predictive value of relevant ICD-9 codes was also evaluated. Multiple cause-of-death files were searched for records containing relevant ICD-9 codes, and underlying causes and demographic characteristics were assessed. For 1979-1988, death certificates were reviewed; lead source information was abstracted and accuracy of coding was determined. An estimated 200 lead poisoning-related deaths occurred from 1979 to 1998. Most were among males (74%), Blacks (67%), adults of age >/=45 years (76%), and Southerners (70%). The death rate was significantly lower in more recent years. An alcohol-related code was a contributing cause for 28% of adults. Only three of nine ICD-9 codes for lead poisoning were highly predictive of lead poisoning-related deaths. In conclusion, lead poisoning-related death rates have dropped dramatically since earlier decades and are continuing to decline. However, the findings imply that moonshine ingestion remains a source of high-dose lead exposure in adults.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0013-9351
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/
ID  - ref1
ER  -