TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2011//
TI  - Theoretical and empirical base for implementation components of health-promoting schools
JO  - Health education (1992)
A1  - Samdal, Oddrun
A1  - Rowling, Louise
SP  - 367
EP  - 390
VL  - 111
IS  - 5
N2  - Purpose - Efforts to create a scientific base for the health-promoting school approach have so far not articulated a clear "Science of Delivery". There is thus a need for systematic identification of clearly operationalised implementation components. To address a next step in the refinement of the health-promoting schools' work, this paper sets out to delineate implementation components of health-promoting schools and to identify their mechanisms.  Design/methodology/approach - The implementation components were identified through a narrative synthesis of documents describing implementation of health-promoting school approaches. Studies were included if they were published between 1995 and June 2010 and could be identified in publicly accessible peer-reviewed articles and grey literature, published in English. Eight sources were extracted, representing reports from all continents with the exception of Africa.  Findings - Eight components were identified: preparing and planning for school development; policy and institutional anchoring; professional development and learning; leadership and management practices; relational and organisational support context; student participation; partnerships and networking; and sustainability.  Practical implications - The components provide a practical tool/guide for schools to use in the implementation of health-promoting schools. In a parallel paper theoretically and empirically based practice guidelines for the actual implementation of the components are articulated ("Filling the black box of implementation for health-promoting schools", this issue).  Originality/value - The identification of specified theory-driven implementation components for health-promoting schools aims will help practitioners to understand the function of each component, so they can execute them with fidelity and thus contribute to rigorous implementation of the health-promoting school initiative.<p /> 
LA  - 
SN  - 0965-4283
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09654281111161211
ID  - ref1
ER  -