TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2004//
TI  - The Acid-Catalyzed Phenol-Formaldehyde Reaction: Critical Runaway Conditions and Stability Criterion
JO  - Process safety and environmental protection
A1  - Lu, K.-t.
A1  - Luo, K.-m.
A1  - Lin, S.-h.
A1  - Su, S.-h.
A1  - Hu, K.-h.
SP  - 37
EP  - 47
VL  - 82
IS  - 1
N2  - The reaction mechanisms of phenol-formaldehyde polymerization are complicated in both acid- and base-catalyzed reaction systems. Furthermore, there is a considerable release of heat during their polymerization. As a consequence, numerous runaway situations have occurred in the past due to these industrial processes. In order to understand and characterize the runaway conditions in acid-catalyzed polymeric reaction systems, we used either oxalic acid or hydrochloric as the acid-catalyst in the phenol-formaldehyde polymerization and estimated its reaction kinetic parameters to evaluate the thermal hazard conditions. The critical temperatures and stable criteria of the runaway reaction in this exothermic polymerization were evaluated.<p /> 
LA  - 
SN  - 0957-5820
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1205/095758204322777651
ID  - ref1
ER  -