TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2008//
TI  - Efficient spatial interaction: attainable reductions in metropolitan average trip length
JO  - Journal of transport geography
A1  - O'Kelly, Morton E.
A1  - Niedzielski, Michael A.
SP  - 313
EP  - 323
VL  - 16
IS  - 5
N2  - We consider the intrinsic levels of spatial interaction necessitated by current North American urban spatial structure and investigate the potential for reducing average commuting trip lengths. In this paper, we use a doubly constrained spatial interaction model to generate critical parametric values which are then used to calculate the effort needed to reduce average trip length by a fixed target for each urban area. The measure of effort is defined as the degree of difficulty to achieve commuting and fuel consumption goals, and compared across a set of 26 US cities. Since the urban structure varies spatially, it is harder for some cities than others to reach a given level of reduced energy consumption.<p /> 
LA  - 
SN  - 0966-6923
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2007.11.003
ID  - ref1
ER  -