TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2012//
TI  - Vitamin D and cognitive function
JO  - Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation supplementum
A1  - Soni, Maya
A1  - Kos, Katarina
A1  - Lang, Iain A.
A1  - Jones, Kerry
A1  - Melzer, David
A1  - Llewellyn, David J.
SP  - 79
EP  - 82
VL  - 243
IS  - 
N2  - Abstract The role of vitamin D in skeletal health is well established, but more recent findings have also linked vitamin D deficiency to a range of non-skeletal conditions such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, stroke and metabolic disorders including diabetes. Cognitive impairment and dementia must now be added this list. Vitamin D receptors are widespread in brain tissue, and vitamin D's biologically active form [1,25(OH)(2)D3] has shown neuroprotective effects including the clearance of amyloid plaques, a hallmark of Alzheimer's Disease. Associations have been noted between low 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and Alzheimer's disease and dementia in both Europe and the US. Similarly, the risk of cognitive impairment was up to four times greater in the severely deficient elders (25(OH)D < 25 nmol/L) in comparison with individuals with adequate levels (≥ 75 nmol/L). Further studies have also shown associations between low 25(OH)D concentrations and cerebrovascular events such as large vessel infarcts, risk of cerebrovascular accident and fatal stroke. Cross-sectional studies cannot establish temporal relationships because cognitive decline and the onset of dementia itself may influence vitamin D concentrations through behavioural and dietary changes. However, two large prospective studies recently indicated that low vitamin D concentrations may increase the risk of cognitive decline. Large, well designed randomized controlled trials are now needed to determine whether vitamin D supplementation is effective at preventing or treating Alzheimer's disease and dementia.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0085-591X
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00365513.2012.681969
ID  - ref1
ER  -